Android

Androidis a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers.
The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008

                                            Android Versions

Cupcake:

Right from the start, Android is an open OS that can run almost any app or widget so you can do what you want to do

• Android 1.5

Donut:

The world's information is at your fingertips - search the web, get driving directions...or watch videos 

• Android 1.6

Eclair:

Make your home screen just how you want it. Arrange apps and widgets across multiple screens and in folders. Stunning live wallpapers respond to your touch. 

• Android 2.0
• Android 2.1

Froyo: (short for "frozen yogurt")

Voice Typing lets you input text, and Voice Actions let you control your phone, just by speaking. 

• Android 2.2

Gingerbread:

New sensors make Android great for gaming - so you can touch, tap, tilt, and play away. 

• Android 2.3

Honeycomb:

Optimized for tablets, this release opens up new horizons wherever you are.

• Android 3.0
• Android 3.1
• Android 3.2

Ice Cream Sandwich:

Android comes of age with a new, refined design. Simple, beautiful and beyond smart. 

• Android 4.0

Jelly Bean:

Android is fast and smooth with buttery graphics. With Google Now, you get just the right information at the right time.

And with more than 1 million apps on Google Play, and thousands of Android devices, you've got the freedom to do what you want on any device you choose. 

• Android 4.1
• Android 4.2
• Android 4.3

KitKat:
With Android KitKat to make an amazing Android experience available for everybody. 

•  Android 4.4 
  

Derby Database

Apache Derby (previously distributed as IBM Cloudscape) is a relational database management system (RDBMS) developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing.
key advantages include:

• Derby has a small footprint -- about 2.6 megabytes for the base engine and embedded JDBC driver.
• Derby is based on the Java, JDBC, and SQL standards.
• Derby provides an embedded JDBC driver that lets you embed Derby in any Java-based solution.
• Derby also supports the more familiar client/server mode with the Derby Network Client JDBC driver and Derby Network Server.
• Derby is easy to install, deploy, and use.

Model View Controller

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It’s a way of designing an application that separates data access, business logic and the graphical user interface. The goal is to make the application more maintainable.
The Model refers to the data and how it is handled,
the View presents the data to the user and
the Controller interprets the user’s interactions with the View into changes to the Model. 

Java (Java ARchive)

JAR (Java ARchive) is an archive file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images and so on) into one file to distribute application software or libraries on the Java platform.
JAR files are built on the ZIP file format and have the .jar file extension.
Computer users can create or extract JAR files using the jar command that comes with a JDK.
An executable Java program can be packaged in a JAR file, along with any libraries the program uses.

Several related file formats build on the JAR format:

• WAR (Web application archive) files, also Java archives, store XML files, Java classes, JavaServer Pages and other objects for Web Applications.
• RAR (resource adapter archive) files (not to be confused with the RAR file format), also Java archives, store XML files, Java classes and other objects for J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA) applications.
• EAR (enterprise archive) files provide composite Java archives which combine XML files, Java classes and other objects including JAR, WAR and RAR Java archive files for Enterprise Applications.
• SAR (service archive) is similar to EAR. It provides a service.xml file and accompanying JAR files.
• APK (Android Application Package), a variant of the Java archive format, is used for Android applications

Java Runtime Environment

The JRE is the software required to run any application deployed on the Java Platform.
End-users commonly use a JRE in software packages and Web browser plugins.
Sun also distributes a superset of the JRE called the Java 2 SDK (more commonly known as the JDK), which includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, and debugger.

J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition)

J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) is a Java platform designed for the mainframe-scale computing typical of large enterprises.
J2EE includes many components of the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE):

• The Java Development Kit (JDK) is included as the core language package.
• Write Once Run Anywhere technology is included to ensure portability.
• Support is provided for Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), a predecessor of Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), so that Java objects can communicate with CORBA objects both locally and over a network through its interface broker.
• Java Database Connectivity 2.0 (JDBC), the Java equivalent to Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), is included as the standard interface for Java databases.
• A security model is included to protect data both locally and in Web-based applications.

J2EE also includes a number of components added to the J2SE model, such as the following:

• Full support is included for Enterprise JavaBeans. EJB is a server-based technology for the delivery of program components in an enterprise environment. It supports the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and has enhanced deployment and security features.
• The Java servlet API (application programming interface) enhances consistency for developers without requiring a graphical user interface (GUI).
• Java Server Pages (JSP) is the Java equivalent to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) and is used for dynamic Web-enabled data access and manipulation.

The J2EE architecture consists of four major elements:

• The J2EE Application Programming Model is the standard programming model used to facilitate the development of multi-tier, thin client applications.
• The J2EE Platform includes necessary policies and APIs such as the Java servlets and Java Message Service (JMS).
• The J2EE Compatibility Test Suite ensures that J2EE products are compatible with the platform standards.
• The J2EE Reference Implementation explains J2EE capabilities and provides its operational definition.

Major release versions of Java, along with their release dates:

• JDK 1.0 (January 21, 1996)
• JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997)
• J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998)
• J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000)
• J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002)
• J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004)
• Java SE 6 (December 11, 2006)
• Java SE 7 (July 28, 2011)